When a drug is described by the term "triptan," what is its primary action?

The term "triptan" refers to a class of medications specifically designed for the treatment of migraines. These drugs work primarily by constricting dilated blood vessels within the brain. During a migraine attack, certain neurotransmitters lead to the dilation of these blood vessels, contributing to headache pain. Triptans are agonists of certain serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptors, which facilitate vasoconstriction and reduce inflammation, ultimately alleviating the migraine symptoms.

This primary action of constricting dilated blood vessels is essential for understanding how triptans counteract migraines effectively. Their role in managing vascular changes associated with a migraine is what distinguishes them from other medications that may aim to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, or serve any type of anesthesia. By focusing on the specific mechanism of action—namely the vasoconstriction of blood vessels—one can appreciate the targeted efficacy of triptans in migraine relief.